Eye Allergy or Eye Infection: How to Tell the Difference

The eyes are susceptible to a range of conditions that can cause discomfort and affect vision. Among the common concerns are eye allergies and eye infections, both of which share some symptoms but arise from distinct underlying causes. Understanding the differences between these two conditions is essential for accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.

Eye Allergies

Eye allergies, also known as allergic conjunctivitis, occur when the eyes react to allergens such as pollen, pet dander, dust mites or mold spores. The body’s immune response triggers the release of histamines, leading to inflammation of the conjunctiva — the clear tissue that lines the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye.

Common symptoms of eye allergies include:

• Itching. The eyes may feel intensely itchy, prompting frequent rubbing.
• Redness. The eyes appear red and bloodshot due to inflammation.
• Watery Discharge. Excessive tearing, often clear and watery.
• Swelling. The eyelids might become puffy and swollen.
• Sensitivity to Light. Bright light may exacerbate discomfort.

Eye Infections

Eye infections, on the other hand, are caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi that invade the eye’s delicate tissues. These infections can affect various parts of the eye, including the conjunctiva, cornea and surrounding structures.

Symptoms of eye infections can vary depending on the type of infection, but common signs include:

• Redness. Similar to eye allergies, eye infections can cause redness due to inflammation.
• Pain. Eye infections often result in discomfort or even pain in the affected eye.
• Discharge. Unlike the clear discharge of allergies, eye infections may lead to yellow, green or white discharge that can crust around the eyes.
• Blurry Vision. Infections can cause vision disturbances due to inflammation or damage to the cornea.
• Sensitivity to Light. Light sensitivity (photophobia) is another common symptom of eye infections.

Differentiating Factors

While there are similarities in symptoms between eye allergies and eye infections, a few key factors can help differentiate the two:

• Duration. Eye allergies often have a seasonal pattern or occur after exposure to allergens. Infections, however, tend to persist or worsen without proper treatment.
• Discharge. The type of discharge can provide insights. Clear, watery discharge is more indicative of allergies, while thicker, colored discharge suggests an infection.
• Itching. Itching is a prominent symptom in allergies but may be less common in infections.
• Pain. Pain is more frequently associated with infections, especially those affecting the cornea.
• Systemic Symptoms. Infections might lead to systemic symptoms like fever and general malaise, which are not typical of allergies.

Seeking Professional Care

Both eye allergies and eye infections warrant attention from a healthcare professional. Through a comprehensive eye exam, you can swiftly identify the root cause of your eye discomfort and initiate the most suitable treatment.

Accurate diagnosis is crucial to determine the appropriate course of treatment. Treatment for allergies often involves antihistamines, lubricating eye drops or allergy-specific medications. Infections, depending on their cause, might require antibiotics, antiviral medications or antifungal treatments.

Prioritize Eye Health

As you navigate the realm of ocular health, distinguishing between an eye allergy and an eye infection is essential. The shared symptoms can make self-diagnosis challenging, emphasizing the importance of seeking professional guidance. Don’t wait another day dealing with discomfort — call Vienna Eyecare Center at (703) 938-7633, or fill out our contact form. We also offer eyeglasses and contact lenses in Fairfax, Reston and Tysons Corner, VA.